How does VNAV differ from lateral navigation (LNAV)?

Vertical Navigation (VNAV) is specifically focused on managing a flight’s vertical profile. This includes aspects such as altitude and descent rates, allowing the aircraft to follow a predetermined vertical path during the flight. VNAV systems can utilize data from various sources, including waypoints, altitude constraints, and descent profiles, to ensure the aircraft adheres to safe and efficient vertical trajectories throughout the flight.

In contrast, lateral navigation (LNAV) is concerned with managing the horizontal flight path. It utilizes navigational aids and procedures to ensure the aircraft follows the correct route over the ground. While both VNAV and LNAV are essential components of an aircraft's navigation system, they serve distinct purposes within the navigation framework.

The understanding of VNAV’s role in managing vertical paths while LNAV focuses on horizontal paths is crucial for pilots as they would need to engage both systems during a flight to navigate safely and efficiently.